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To identify anti-inflammatory compounds from the algal biomass of K.
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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Extracts and Column Fractions
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This study highlights the utility of a chemometrics-assisted approach involving orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) that can facilitate rapid identification of multiple bioactive compounds from a complex natural product mixture.Ģ.1. Using an approach involving chromatographic fractionation, anti-inflammatory activity testing, UHPLC-qMS profiling, chemometric analysis, and selective isolation and purification, four chemotypes of compounds including hydroxylated fatty acids, chlorophyll-derived pheophorbides, carotenoids, and glycoglycerolipids, were identified to contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of this alga. However, its small-molecule metabolites associated with biological activities remain unknown. zivo has been registered as KALGAE TM and a 90-day dietary toxicity study of KALGAE TM in CRL Sprague-Dawley CD IGS rats and a genotoxicity evaluation in Swiss albino mice did not show adverse effects, supporting its safe use as a potential food ingredient to improve human health. zivo is an optimized, non-GMO (genetically modified organism), proprietary algal strain that produces a unique blend of proteins, polyphenols, and small molecules. Little is known about the chemistry of the entire genus except for a report on the analysis of fatty acids. Klebsormidium (Klebsormidiaceae) is a genus of filamentous green algae distributed in terrestrial habitats worldwide.
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In addition, data analysis tools utilized in metabolomics and chemometrics have efficiently facilitated the identification of robust chemical markers for differentiation of plant species, screening of active compounds, and searching for appropriate chemical markers for quality control. Over the past decade, however, the application of advanced analytical and chromatographic instrumentation represented by hyphenated techniques such as LC-MS and LC-MS-NMR has greatly improved the efficiency of bioactive natural products discovery. Without appropriate chemical and biological detection methods, often times bioactive compounds may be lost during the isolation process. Compared to conventional bioassay-guided fractionation, this approach is more efficient for rapid identification of multiple chemical classes of bioactive compounds from a complex natural product mixture.Ĭlassical approaches for identification of bioactive compounds from complex natural products involve time-consuming, multi-step bioassay-guided isolation procedures. It also inhibited nuclear factor kappaB activation with an IC 50 value of 32.1 µM in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced chondrocytes. Pheophorbide a, which decreased intracellular nitric oxide production by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase, was the most potent compound identified with an IC 50 value of 0.24 µM in lipopolysaccharides-induced macrophages. An approach involving chromatographic fractionation, anti-inflammatory activity testing, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling, chemometric analysis, and subsequent MS-oriented isolation was employed to rapidly identify its small-molecule anti-inflammatory compounds including hydroxylated fatty acids, chlorophyll-derived pheophorbides, carotenoids, and glycoglycerolipids. zivo is a rich source of proteins, polyphenols, and bioactive small-molecule compounds. The green alga Klebsormidium flaccidum var.